shoorick

The use of hash keys starting with a hyphen (-name) or entirely in upper case (NAME) is a relic of older versions of Perl in which ordinary lower case strings were not handled correctly by the => operator. While some modules retain uppercase or hyphenated argument keys for historical reasons or as a matter of personal style, most new modules should use simple lower case keys.

1. Двумерный хэш:

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Хэш хэшей

%fruit =
(
 'apple' =>
 { 'color' => 'red', 'form' => 'ball', 'softness' => 'hard' },
 'banana' =>
 { 'color' => 'yellow', 'form' => 'cylinder', 'softness' => 'soft'},
 'cucumber' =>
 {'color' => 'green', 'form' => 'cylinder', 'softness' => 'hard'}
);

foreach $fr (keys(%fruit))      # Цикл по фруктам
{
 print "\n$fr:\n";
 foreach $pr (keys(%{$fruit{$fr}}))     # Цикл по свойствам
 {
  print "\t$pr - $fruit{$fr}{$pr}\n";
 }
}

print "\nЦвет огурца - ", $fruit{cucumber}{color};